Huakang No. 3
Huakang No. 3 is a new spring–rearing, high–silk–yield variety developed by the Sericulture Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences through crossbreeding Jingsong and Haoyue as maternal parents and introgressing genes that confer strong resistance to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV).
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Huakang No. 3
Huakang No. 3 is a new spring–rearing, high–silk–yield variety developed by the Sericulture Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences through crossbreeding Jingsong and Haoyue as maternal parents and introgressing genes that confer strong resistance to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV).
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Detailed Information
Varietal Traits
Huakang No. 3 is a pair of spring-season, high-silk-yield silkworm varieties developed by the Sericultural Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences through crossbreeding Jingsong × Haoyue as the maternal line and introgression of genes conferring strong resistance to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). It is a Sino-Japanese hybrid with a two-generation, four-instar life cycle. The egg color in reciprocal crosses is grayish-green in the forward cross and purplish-brown in the reverse cross; in the forward cross, the eggshell is predominantly yellow with scattered pale yellow markings, whereas in the reverse cross it is white. The number of eggs per batch is about 1,800 in the forward cross, with uneven hatching, and about 1,750 in the reverse cross, with uniform hatching. The newly hatched larvae exhibit strong dispersal behavior, emerge from dormancy uniformly, have a bluish-white body color, and display common spotting. They feed vigorously on mulberry leaves, enter dormancy relatively quickly, develop uniformly, and produce well-proportioned cocoons. The cocoon shape is elliptical, the cocoon color is white, with moderate shrinkage and wrinkling; the single-cocoon weight is 1.8 g, the cocoon shell ratio is 23%, the reeled silk length is 1,100 m, the filament fineness is 2.8 D, the reeling yield is 81%, and the cleanliness is 95%. The reeling quality is good, the cleanliness is excellent, the filament fineness is moderate, and the silk can be reeled into raw silk of Grade 5A or higher. The incubation period for induced emergence is 11 days, the fifth-instar period is 7–7.5 days, and the entire life cycle lasts 23–24 days.
Key Points of Rearing Techniques
1. Strict disinfection to prevent disease: Thoroughly wash and disinfect the silkworm rearing rooms and equipment before starting rearing; establish a dedicated mulberry-storage room; alternate every other day between using Disease-Prevention No. 1 and fresh lime powder for isolation and disinfection of the silkworm beds at each instar; and fumigate silkworm-rearing rooms with fumigants during the dormancy period.
2. Brooding standards: Prior to the official commencement of heating, strictly monitor the developmental stage of the embryos, aiming for a majority at the丙2+ stage with a minority at丙2; maintain a temperature of 22–24°C with a 2°C diurnal humidity difference to protect embryos up to the戊2 stage, then raise the temperature to 25–26.5°C with a 1.5–2°C diurnal humidity difference starting from the戊3 stage; ensure that the first signs of hatching occur on the night of the eighth day or in the early hours of the ninth day; conduct dark treatment on the afternoon of the ninth day, maintaining a temperature of 25–26°C and a 1.5–2°C diurnal humidity difference; and initiate photoreception and collect the larvae on the morning of the twelfth day.
3. Temperature and humidity standards: For the 1st–2nd instar, maintain a temperature of 27–28°C with a dry–wet temperature difference of 1–1.5°C; for the 3rd instar, maintain a temperature of 26–27°C with a dry–wet temperature difference of 1.5–2°C; for the 4th–5th instars, maintain a temperature of 24–25°C with a dry–wet temperature difference of 3°C. During hot, humid seasons, the dry–wet temperature difference should be set 1–2°C higher.
4. Medicated Feeding: Starting from the 3rd–5th instar, during the peak feeding period, and before the silkworms enter the mature stage, administer a single dose of chloramphenicol for silkworms in each of these phases.
Precautions
1. Conduct dark treatment at the appropriate time, strictly prevent ant-collecting bags from being stacked and steamed, and avoid overheating that could damage the inoculum.
2. Under special conditions, three-staged silkworms are easily induced; therefore, temperature and humidity during the young-larva stage must be strictly controlled, the leaves used for rearing and feeding should be moderately mature yet tender, and the mulberry-leaf standards for each instar should be consistently moderate in maturity.
3. Implement proactive, age-specific rearing to prevent overly dense silkworm clusters; ensure adequate ventilation during the mature larval stage to strictly guard against high temperatures and excessive humidity.
4. This variety exhibits poor tolerance to bacterial diseases; during hot, humid seasons, it is prone to bacterial infections and CPV. It is strictly prohibited to feed silkworms with dew-covered leaves or leaves that have become sticky and deteriorated; effective measures must be implemented for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases.
5. Avoid exposure to pesticides and tobacco, and protect against damage caused by rodents, ants, and other pests.
6. Mature silkworms produce copious amounts of urine; during rearing, ensure adequate moisture removal, uniform lighting, protection from direct strong winds, and prevention of abrupt day–night temperature fluctuations.
7. Although this breed exhibits strong resistance to blood-type septicemia, standard preventive measures against the disease must be rigorously implemented.
Huakang No. 3 is a pair of spring-season, high-silk-yield silkworm varieties developed by the Sericultural Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences through crossbreeding Jingsong × Haoyue as the maternal line and introgression of genes conferring strong resistance to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). It is a Sino-Japanese hybrid with a two-generation, four-instar life cycle. The egg color in reciprocal crosses is grayish-green in the forward cross and purplish-brown in the reverse cross; in the forward cross, the eggshell is predominantly yellow with scattered pale yellow markings, whereas in the reverse cross it is white. The number of eggs per batch is about 1,800 in the forward cross, with uneven hatching, and about 1,750 in the reverse cross, with uniform hatching. The newly hatched larvae exhibit strong dispersal behavior, emerge from dormancy uniformly, have a bluish-white body color, and display common spotting. They feed vigorously on mulberry leaves, enter dormancy relatively quickly, develop uniformly, and produce well-proportioned cocoons. The cocoon shape is elliptical, the cocoon color is white, with moderate shrinkage and wrinkling; the single-cocoon weight is 1.8 g, the cocoon shell ratio is 23%, the reeled silk length is 1,100 m, the filament fineness is 2.8 D, the reeling yield is 81%, and the cleanliness is 95%. The reeling quality is good, the cleanliness is excellent, the filament fineness is moderate, and the silk can be reeled into raw silk of Grade 5A or higher. The incubation period for induced emergence is 11 days, the fifth-instar period is 7–7.5 days, and the entire life cycle lasts 23–24 days.
Key Points of Rearing Techniques
1. Strict disinfection to prevent disease: Thoroughly wash and disinfect the silkworm rearing rooms and equipment before starting rearing; establish a dedicated mulberry-storage room; alternate every other day between using Disease-Prevention No. 1 and fresh lime powder for isolation and disinfection of the silkworm beds at each instar; and fumigate silkworm-rearing rooms with fumigants during the dormancy period.
2. Brooding standards: Prior to the official commencement of heating, strictly monitor the developmental stage of the embryos, aiming for a majority at the丙2+ stage with a minority at丙2; maintain a temperature of 22–24°C with a 2°C diurnal humidity difference to protect embryos up to the戊2 stage, then raise the temperature to 25–26.5°C with a 1.5–2°C diurnal humidity difference starting from the戊3 stage; ensure that the first signs of hatching occur on the night of the eighth day or in the early hours of the ninth day; conduct dark treatment on the afternoon of the ninth day, maintaining a temperature of 25–26°C and a 1.5–2°C diurnal humidity difference; and initiate photoreception and collect the larvae on the morning of the twelfth day.
3. Temperature and humidity standards: For the 1st–2nd instar, maintain a temperature of 27–28°C with a dry–wet temperature difference of 1–1.5°C; for the 3rd instar, maintain a temperature of 26–27°C with a dry–wet temperature difference of 1.5–2°C; for the 4th–5th instars, maintain a temperature of 24–25°C with a dry–wet temperature difference of 3°C. During hot, humid seasons, the dry–wet temperature difference should be set 1–2°C higher.
4. Medicated Feeding: Starting from the 3rd–5th instar, during the peak feeding period, and before the silkworms enter the mature stage, administer a single dose of chloramphenicol for silkworms in each of these phases.
Precautions
1. Conduct dark treatment at the appropriate time, strictly prevent ant-collecting bags from being stacked and steamed, and avoid overheating that could damage the inoculum.
2. Under special conditions, three-staged silkworms are easily induced; therefore, temperature and humidity during the young-larva stage must be strictly controlled, the leaves used for rearing and feeding should be moderately mature yet tender, and the mulberry-leaf standards for each instar should be consistently moderate in maturity.
3. Implement proactive, age-specific rearing to prevent overly dense silkworm clusters; ensure adequate ventilation during the mature larval stage to strictly guard against high temperatures and excessive humidity.
4. This variety exhibits poor tolerance to bacterial diseases; during hot, humid seasons, it is prone to bacterial infections and CPV. It is strictly prohibited to feed silkworms with dew-covered leaves or leaves that have become sticky and deteriorated; effective measures must be implemented for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases.
5. Avoid exposure to pesticides and tobacco, and protect against damage caused by rodents, ants, and other pests.
6. Mature silkworms produce copious amounts of urine; during rearing, ensure adequate moisture removal, uniform lighting, protection from direct strong winds, and prevention of abrupt day–night temperature fluctuations.
7. Although this breed exhibits strong resistance to blood-type septicemia, standard preventive measures against the disease must be rigorously implemented.
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