Varietal Traits
Jinxiu No. 2 is a tetraploid hybrid silkworm variety for summer–autumn rearing, exhibiting diapause (including polydiapause traits), four-instar development, and derived from a cross with Shao·Hui as the maternal parent. The overwintering eggs of this hybrid are bluish-gray to grayish-green in color, with pale-yellow egg shells; each batch contains approximately 1,650 eggs and yields about 2,300 first-instar larvae. When crossed with Xu·Dong as the maternal parent, the overwintering eggs are grayish-purple, occasionally showing grayish-green hues, with white shells flecked with pale yellow; each batch comprises roughly 1,750 eggs and produces about 2,400 first-instar larvae. The silkworm eggs hatch uniformly, and the newly hatched larvae exhibit a dark brown body color. Larvae at all instars feed rapidly on mulberry leaves, display lively movement, develop in a well-ordered manner, and possess robust constitutions. Mature larvae also feed quickly and consume large quantities of mulberry leaves, resulting in strong, well-developed, and sturdy silkworms. They reach full maturity uniformly, spin cocoons promptly, predominantly produce mid-to-upper layer cocoons, and yield large, evenly shaped cocoons that are long-elliptical in form, pure white in color, and moderately wrinkled. In autumn, the cocoon shell ratio ranges from 21% to 22%, with cocoon filament lengths of 900–1,100 meters and reeled filament lengths of 650–900 meters. The filaments are relatively fine, clean and high-quality, and the strain demonstrates a certain resistance to hemolymphatic diseases. It is therefore well suited for promotion in southern Chinese sericulture regions and the Yangtze River basin during the summer–autumn seasons.
Breeding Techniques and Precautions
1. Brooding standards: For eggs in stages B2 to D2, maintain a temperature of 24–25°C under natural light; for eggs in stages D3 to F5, maintain a temperature of 25.5–26°C, with timely egg wrapping, complete darkness, delayed photoperiod exposure, and early collection of the hatched larvae to prevent dispersal of the young silkworms. The brooding period lasts approximately 11 days.
2. Temperature and humidity standards: During the young-caterpillar stage (1st–2nd instar), the temperature should be maintained at 27–28°C with a dry–wet temperature difference of 0.5–1°C; during the mature-caterpillar and pupal stages, the temperature is best kept at 25–26°C with a dry–wet temperature difference of 2.5–3°C, and temperatures above 30°C should be avoided.
3. On the day of colony collection and during the 1st–2nd instar stages, mulberry leaves should be moderately mature and slightly tender; overmature leaves must be avoided. For robust silkworms, use leaves that are appropriately mature; do not feed them young or contaminated leaves.
4. The silkworms are vigorous and begin feeding early; ensure timely feedings, achieve uniform maturity, and distribute the mature silkworms evenly when transferring them to the rearing racks.
Care Instructions
1. Both the egg-rearing and young-caterpillar stages exhibit strong phototaxis and a tendency to disperse; therefore, it is essential to collect the larvae promptly, distribute the young caterpillars evenly across the rearing trays, and ensure that the mulberry leaves are fresh, so as to promote uniform development of the domestic silkworm.
2. During the mature larval stage, silkworms exhibit vigorous feeding, particularly during the peak feeding period of the fifth instar, when they consume mulberry leaves at a rapid rate; therefore, it is essential to provide ample, high-quality mulberry leaves to ensure satiation. In this stage, silkworms produce copious amounts of excrement, which can easily lead to dampness in the rearing trays; under hot and humid conditions, adequate ventilation must be strengthened.
3. When the silkworms are fully mature and ready to spin, make preparations for transferring them to the reeling racks in advance and carry out the transfer promptly to avoid an excessive number of double-cocoon silks.